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Jemaah Islamiah〔Other transliterations and names include Jemaah Islamiyah, Jemaa Islamiyah, Jema'a Islamiyya, Jema'a Islamiyyah, Jema'ah Islamiyah, Jema'ah Islamiyyah, Jemaa Islamiya, Jemaa Islamiyya, Jemaah Islamiyya, Jemaa Islamiyyah, Jemaah Islamiyyah, Jemaah Islamiyyah, Jemaah Islamiya, Jamaah Islamiyah, Jamaa Islamiya, Jemaah Islam, Jemahh Islamiyah, Jama'ah Islamiyah and Al-Jama'ah Al Islamiyyah.〕 ((アラビア語:الجماعة الإسلامية), ''al-Jamāʿat ul-Islāmíyatu'', meaning "Islamic Congregation", frequently abbreviated JI), is a Southeast Asian militant Islamist terrorist group dedicated to the establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah (regional Islamic caliphate) in Southeast Asia.〔''Counter-Society to Counter-State: Jemaah Islamiah According to Pupji'', p. 11., Elena Pavlova, The Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, ()〕〔JI is also believed to be linked to the insurgent violence in southern Thailand. ("Conspiracy of Silence: Who is Behind the Escalating Insurgency in Southern Thailand?" )〕 On 25 October 2002, immediately following the JI-perpetrated Bali bombing, JI was added to the UN Security Council Resolution 1267 as a terrorist group linked to al-Qaeda or the Taliban. JI is a transnational organization with cells in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. In addition to al-Qaeda the group is also thought to have links to the Moro Islamic Liberation Front〔 and Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid, a splinter cell of the JI which was formed by Abu Bakar Baasyir on 27 July 2008. The group has been designated as a terrorist groups by the United Nations, Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, Russia, the UAE, the United Kingdom and the United States. It remained very active in Indonesia where it publicly maintained a website . ==History== JI has its roots in Darul Islam (DI, meaning "House of Islam"), a radical Islamist/anti-colonialist movement in Indonesia in the 1940s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jemaah Islamiyah Briefer: Evolution, Organization and Ideology )〕 The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups. Sometime around 1969, three men, Abu Bakar Bashir, Abdullah Sungkar and Shahrul Nizam 'PD' began an operation to propagate the Darul Islam movement, a conservative strain of Islam. Bashir and Sungkar were both imprisoned by the New Order administration of Indonesian president Suharto as part of a crackdown on radical groups such as Komando Jihad, that were perceived to undermine the government's control over the Indonesian population. The two leaders spent several years in prison. After release, Bashir and his followers moved to Malaysia in 1982. They recruited people from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. The group officially named itself Jemaah Islamiah around that time period. JI was formally founded on 1 January 1993, by JI leaders, Abu Bakar Bashir and Abdullah Sungkar〔(Jemaah Islamiyah Dossier, Blake Mobley,2006-08-26, Center For Policing Terrorism )〕 while hiding in Malaysia from the persecution of the Suharto government. After the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, both men returned to Indonesia〔(Gauging Jemaah Islamiyah's Threat in Southeast Asia, Sharif Shuja, 2005-04-21, The Jamestown Foundation, ''Terrorism Monitor'', Volume 3, Issue 8 ) 〕 where JI gained a terrorist edge when one of its founders, the late Abdullah Sungkar, established contact with Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.〔(head clue to Jakarta bomb BBC 2003-08-09 ) 〕 JI's violent operations began during the communal conflicts in Maluku and Poso.〔(Weakening Indonesia's Mujahidin Networks: Lessons from Maluku and Poso, 2005-10-13, International Crisis Group, Asia Report N°103 ) 〕 It shifted its attention to targeting US and Western interests in Indonesia and the wider Southeast Asian region〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jemaah Islamiyah Briefer: Terrorist Activities, Targets and Victims )〕 since the start of the US-led war on terror. JI's terror plans in Southeast Asia were exposed when its plot to set off several bombs in Singapore was foiled by the local authorities. Recruiting, training, indoctrination, financial, and operational links between the JI and other militant groups,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jemaah Islamiyah Briefer: Links with Foreign Terrorist Organizations )〕 such as al-Qaeda, the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), the Misuari Renegade/Breakaway Group (MRG/MBG) and the Philippine Rajah Sulaiman movement (RSM) have existed for many years, and continue to this day(December 2003). Bashir became the spiritual leader of the group while Hambali became the military leader. Unlike the Al-Mau'nah group, Jemaah Islamiah kept a low profile in Malaysia and their existence was publicized only after the 2002 Bali bombings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jemaah Islamiyah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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